The structural integrity of concrete dams and irrigation structures depends on the protection of steel reinforcement from corrosion. Inadequate waterproofing, cracking, joint failure, chemical attack, alkali aggregate reaction and abrasion are problems that will result in the deterioration of concrete. In the short term this can lead to water loss, reduction in water flow and unplanned maintenance costs. Over time, the structural integrity of the concrete is compromised, leading to safety and environmental issues.